Ammonium chloride is a white, crystalline inorganic compound with the chemical formula NH4Cl. It is widely used in various industrial, agricultural, and pharmaceutical applications. Physical and Chemical Properties- Molecular Formula: NH4Cl
- Molecular Weight: 53.49 g/mol
- Appearance: White crystalline powder or granules
- Odor: Odorless or slightly saline
- Solubility: Highly soluble in water
- At 100°C: ~77 g/100 mL
- Melting Point: Sublimates at 338°C without melting
- pH: Slightly acidic in aqueous solution (pH ~4.5–6)
ApplicationsAgriculture: - Used as a nitrogen source in fertilizers, particularly for rice and wheat crops.
- Improves soil acidity in alkaline soils.
Pharmaceuticals: - Used in expectorants to loosen phlegm in cough medicines.
- Acts as a urinary acidifier to treat metabolic alkalosis.
Food Industry: - Used as a food additive (E510) in some licorice products and breadmaking.
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